In general, planning refers to the process of creating a detailed roadmap or strategy for achieving a specific goal or objective. Planning involves identifying the steps or tasks required to reach the goal, as well as any resources, timelines, or constraints that may impact the plan.

Planning is a critical component of project management, as it provides a clear and structured approach to achieving project objectives. Effective planning involves considering a wide range of factors, including project scope, resources, risks, and stakeholder expectations.

Some common planning techniques that are used in project management include:

1. Work Breakdown Structure (WBS): This technique involves breaking down a project into smaller, more manageable tasks, and organizing them into a hierarchical structure.
   
   
2. Gantt Charts: Gantt charts are visual tools that show the timing and sequence of tasks in a project, allowing project managers to track progress and identify potential delays.
   
   
3. Critical Path Analysis: This technique involves identifying the sequence of tasks that are critical to the project timeline, and ensuring that they are completed on time in order to keep the project on track.
   
   
4. Risk Management: Effective planning involves identifying and managing potential risks that could impact the project timeline or outcome, and developing contingency plans to mitigate those risks.
   
   
5. Resource Planning: This involves identifying the resources required to complete the project, including personnel, materials, and equipment, and ensuring that they are allocated effectively.
   

Other planning techniques may include brainstorming, mind mapping, SWOT analysis, and scenario planning. The specific planning techniques used will depend on the nature of the project, the available resources, and the goals and objectives of the project.